The results of a titration. First, there is an intrinsic error of the method - end point is not identical with equivalence point and color changes of indicators are not instant. 2. If the titrant and analyte have a 1:1 mole ratio, the formula is molarity (M) of the acid x volume (V) of the acid = molarity (M) of the base x volume (V) of the base. Titration is an analytical technique which allows the quantitative determination of a specific substance (analyte) dissolved in a sample. Iodine is very weakly soluble in the water, and can be easily lost from the solution due to its volatility. At the equivalence point in a neutralization, the moles of acid are equal to the moles of base. How long is the girl who played with fire? Use the titration formula. The article above sets forth all the steps you need to use to perform one effectively. Acid base titration calculations help you identify properties (such as pH) of a solution during an experiment, or what an unknown solution is when doing fieldwork. Plot the titration curve and submit a set of data for the titration. The signal-to-noise ratio for a chloride titration in the case of low concen-trations is 1/300; it can reach 1/1000 in other cases. When keeping the sign for error, the calculation is the experimental or measured value minus the known or theoretical value, divided by the theoretical value and multiplied by 100%. You can set the calculator to show 3 significant figures but it carries more internally. Titration, also known as titrimetry, is a qualitative analysis technique that can be used to calculate the concentration of a given analyte in a mixture. What are the names of Santa's 12 reindeers? If the color has changed slightly, too much of the titrant, which comes from the burette, can be introduced into the solution, overshooting results. A solution forms a concave curve and the bottom of the curve is used to measure the volume. Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. The purpose of titration is to determine an unknown concentration in a sample using an analytical method. Titration Calculations. 3.3.2 Definition of Linearity Linearity expresses whether a certain method produces correct results over the interesting concentration range [4]. Complexometric titrations. In titration the analyte concentration depends on … Analytics Chimica Ada Klicvicr Publishing Company, Amsterdam Printed in The Netherlands 473 THE CALCULATION OF INDICATOR ERROR IN OXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS L.ERDEY AND G. SVEHLA* Institute for General Chemistry, Technical University of Budapest, Budapest (Hungary) (Received August ist, 1907) The proper choice of an indicator for a titration can be made most reliably … If there is a zeroing error, it is most likely a systematic error. Titration is a sensitive analytical method that lets you determine an unknown concentration of a chemical in solution by introducing a known concentration of another chemical. Result calculations ..... 13 - 3 - Introduction Water content needs to be determined at all stages of the manufacturing process ... titration with more than one stroke of the burette piston, it should be avoided by an appropriate reagent titre and choice of sample size. The accuracy of titration requires precise measurement of the volume of materials in use. for burette % uncertainty = 0.15/average titre result x100 To calculate the maximum total percentage apparatus uncertainty in the final result add all the individual equipment uncertainties together. The main difference between systematic and random errors is that random errors lead to fluctuations around the true value as a result of difficulty taking measurements, whereas systematic errors lead to predictable and consistent departures from the true value due to problems with the calibration of your equipment. The key difference between normality factor and titration error is that normality factor gives the ratio between an observed value and the theoretical valu Read the bottom of the meniscus on the burette Conductometric Titration Theory In chemistry, titration is a process by which a chemist can find the concentration of a solution with good accuracy, if she knows what substance is in it. No mat-ter how routine the analysis, care must be taken when preparing fresh titrants and standardizing them; calibrat- Precipitation titrations. Remember that 50.00 ml of water was added to prepare the solution. But markings on a burette can be easily misread. Titration is an analytical technique that is widely used in the food industry. METTLER TOLEDO Titration Guide 7 Avoiding Titration Errors 3. \[\text{moles acid} = \text{moles base}\] Recall that the molarity \(\left( \text{M} \right)\) of a solution is defined as the moles of the solute divided by the liters of solution \(\left( \text{L} \right)\). the following discussion, the errors in a titration experiment are considered. - [Voiceover] Let's do another titration problem, and once again, our goal is to find the concentration of an acidic solution. Fig. (Molarity is the concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute per litre of solution.) The solution may have been prepared incorrectly or contaminatns could have been introduced into the solution, such as using dirty equipment. the method or the reagents, it has to be corrected for in the results calculation of the titration method. cise parameters and were able to calculate error-free equivalence points. How many police officers does Oakland have? 100 mL of NH3 0.1 M is titrated with a HCl solution of 0.2 M in the presence of an indicator which changes color at pH=6. There are several types of errors that can make titration result differ from the reality. The final titration was a success as well because the solution became pale pink colored. - YouTube Plots of acid–base titrations generate titration curves that can be used to calculate the pH, the pOH, the \(pK_a\), and the \(pK_b\) of the system. Is cancellation of debt considered income? O. In this video, we’ll use data from the titration of HCl (a strong acid) with Ba(OH)₂ (a strong base) to calculate the concentration of HCl in solution. Also, each individual perceives color slightly differently, which affects the outcome of the experiment. Indicators, which change color to indicate when the reaction has stopped, do not change instantly. Chem 311l quantitative analysis laboratory revision 23 a volumetric analysis redox titration of hypochlorite in bleach in this laboratory exercise we will determine the … Calculations: Use the successful trials to calculate an average volume of NaOH used in the titration, and to calculate the concentration of each of the HCl solutions. Human error includes using selecting the wrong reagents or using the wrong amount of indicator. W = mass of the sample. Titration is a chemical process to determine the volume of a solution that is required to react with a known volume of another solution. Realize the limitations of the equipment. A titration curve is a plot of the concentration of the analyte at a given point in the experiment (usually pH in an acid base titration) vs. the volume of the titrant added. Swirling during titration. EXAMPLE A student dissolved 0.3101 g of "Na"_2"C"_2"O"_4 in 30 mL of water and 15 mL of 3 mol/L "H"_2"SO"_4. [The specific heat capacity of the solution is 4.18 J g-1 K ] Heat produced = 50.0 x 4.18 x 5.5 = 1149.5 J = 1.1495 kJ (by calculator) Back-titrations are often required when the rate of reaction between the analyte and reagent is slow or when the standard solution lacks stability. percent error = [experimental value - theoretical value] / theoretical value x 100% You must follow strict guidelines in handling and using all equipment during the experiment as the slightest mistake can create errors in the findings. The phenolphthalein molecule is colorless, and the phenolphthalein ion is pink. Yes No. A = (N x V 1 x W) / (V 2 x 10) Where, A = Percentage of Acid N = Normality of Titrant V 1 = Volume of Titrant W = Equivalent Weight of Predominant Acid V 2 = Volume of Sample NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H 2. Then, what causes error in titration? Fill the burette with the hydrochloric acid solution, running some of the solution through the tap, until the bottom of meniscus is just on the zero level. Errors in concentrations directly affect the measurement accuracy. This can be very handy for determining the concentrations of acids and bases, such as hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a known concentration (called a titrant) to a known volume of another solution of unknown concentration until the reaction reaches neutralization, which is often indicated by a color change. Why is phenolphthalein used in titration? Repeat the titration. The solution of the known concentration is introduced into a specific volume of the unknown through a burette or pipette. For example, swirling the solution can result in loss of solution that will affect results. ¿Cuáles son los 10 mandamientos de la Biblia Reina Valera 1960? For an acid base titration, this curve tells us whether we are dealing with a weak or strong acid/base. Instrument (instrument uncertainty/abrasion of the burette), Electrodes (electrode uncertainty/alteration of electrodes). The nominal concentration of a volumetric solution used as a titrant in the titration process is known. What is the difference between random error and systematic error? the titration it will lead to errors if it then fills during the titration, leading to a larger than expected titre reading. Where does the name Donovan originate from? In this experiment, calculation of concentration must be calculated precisely. Analytics Chimica Ada Klicvicr Publishing Company, Amsterdam Printed in The Netherlands 473 THE CALCULATION OF INDICATOR ERROR IN OXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS L.ERDEY AND G. SVEHLA* Institute for General Chemistry, Technical University of Budapest, Budapest (Hungary) (Received August ist, 1907) The proper choice of an indicator for a titration can be made most … Once the equivalence point is found, the calculation can be … Calculations: 1. When the titration reaches an endpoint, the amount of titrant is recorded and used to calculate the unknown concentration. So the moles of solute are therefore equal to the molarity of a solution multiplied by the volume in liters. So we have 40.20 mls here. Introducing rounding errors in multi-step calculations Example When 6.074 g of a carbonate is reacted with 50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 HCl(aq) (which is an excess), a temperature rise of 5.5 °C is obtained. Phenolphthalein is slightly soluble in water and usually is dissolved in alcohols for use in experiments. Remove funnel before titrating. Verify that the primary standard is properly dried. Michael Carpenter has been writing blogs since 2007. Copyright 2021 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. You do them the same way as you do acid-base titration calculations. From a practical point of view, an uncertainty would be defined as: u © AskingLot.com LTD 2021 All Rights Reserved. In back titration, a known excess of one reagent A is allowed to react with an unknown amount of B. METTLER TOLEDO Titration Guide 2 Editorial The primary goal of any chemical analysis is to get accurate and precise results as quickly as possible. Thanks! If the reading is taken from the higher sections of the curve, the volume measurement will be in error. Calculate the concentration of a 25 mL NaOH solution if 35 mL of 1.25 M HCl is needed to titrate to the equivalence point. There are however one or two titrations that need to be carried out at elevated temperatures as the rate of reaction between the components is slow. of a solution, or the volume of solution needed. It is a weak acid, which can lose H+ ions in solution. The concentration could differ from the real concentration because of a variety of influences. She titrated this solution with a "KMnO"_4 solution. And now we can calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution. It can usually be minimized by choosing the indicator carefully or by making a blank correction. Although you normally run the acid from a burette into the alkali in a flask, you may need to know about the titration curve for adding it the other way around as well. A titration calculation is a simple formula used to work out the concentration (in moles) of one of the reactants in a titration using the concentration of the other reactant. Objectives: In this experiment, a solution of Na2CO3 will be titrated with a solution of HCl. To calculate pH at any point in a titration, the amounts of all species must first be determined using the stoichiometry of the neutralization reaction. Care must be taken as the solution of the known concentration is introduced into a specific volume of the unknown through laboratory glassware such as a burette or pipette. This calculator assists the user in estimating the concentration of a solution via titration. Another source of measurement error is looking at the wrong spot. Acid Base Titration: How to calculate the errors? QUESTIONS: What is the titration error? The first section is a detailed look at how to determine the most important errors. The amount of unreacted A is then determined by titration with a reagent C of known concentration. However, in the presence of excess iodides iodine creates I 3-ions. There are various statistical techniques which allow all the measurements used in the calculations to have random errors injected and then the calculation is simulated many times to see how the errors propagate through the calculations. Accurate and reliable titration results are only achievable when we work with the exact concentration of the volumetric solution. Even the process of cleaning your equipment, if carried out with the wrong solution, can affect the concentrations of the solutions to be experimented on. The end point of a titration is when the reaction between the two solutions has stopped. The whole of this thing is called back-titration. Also Know, what does titration mean in chemistry? It is used to determine an unknown concentration of a known substance in a sample. Calculate the percentage error for each piece of equipment used by % uncertainty = uncertainty x 100 Measurement made on apparatus e.g. The only difference is how you balance the equation for the reaction. This lowers free iodine concentration and such solutions are … How do you ensure accuracy in a titration? Redox titration curves Equation 5 can be used for the calculation of E eq for any redox titration except in the following two cases we should use equation 4 Case one If one of the participants of the redox ... errors in titration findings including misreading volumes mistaken concentration values … From above, it can seem like the volume is lower, while from below, the apparent volume looks higher. can be used to calculate the concentration. 3. A student conducts the redox titration and reaches the endpoint after adding 25 mL of the titrant. Increases the vol making the titre smaller. Titration Trial 2: volume of NaOH (mL) Average volume of NaOH (mL) You may insert a screen shot of your lab book data here instead of re-typing it! Both processes can be source of titration errors. Indicators are used to determine when a reaction has come to an end. Titration - Learn about titration theory, titration curve, titration types, calculation, molarity equation and more titration topics Step 2. how do you overcome a titration error? Step 3. A reagent, termed the titrant or titrator, is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration and volume. Titration is an analytical chemistry technique used to find an unknown concentration of an analyte (the titrand) by reacting it with a known volume and concentration of a standard solution (called the titrant).Titrations are typically used for acid-base reactions and redox reactions. One way to misread the volume is by looking at the measurement on an angle. the titration it will lead to errors if it then fills during the titration, leading to a larger than expected titre reading. Care must be taken as the solution of the known concentration is introduced into a specific volume of the … When considering a titration calculation, the first thing to know is the volume of titrant that is needed to reach the equivalence point. Several factors can cause errors in titration findings, including misreading volumes, mistaken concentration values or faulty technique. Acid Base Titration Sources of Error Improvements. All of these errors can be either random or systematic depending on how they affect the results. carbonate that required 39.01 mL of the titrant (HCl) to reach the second equivalence point. Titration Formula Questions: 1. Titrations are usually carried out on acid-alkali reactions, to determine what volumes of the acid and alkali are required to create a neutral solution. End Point. Titration commonly comprises of reactions such as redox reactions and reactions involving precipitations, different than acid-base reactions. Hire verified expert $35.80 for a 2-page paper. Errors in filling the burette can cause air bubbles that affect the flow of the liquid in the burette. This allows the titration time to be reduced and therefore improves the reproducibility. Titration curves. So we've added 20.2 mls more. Other human or equipment errors can also creep in. Ensure that there is no air bubbles trapped. I already did the first step, of calculating the pH at the equivalence, it's 5.21, with 5mL of HCl reacting to 100 mL NH3 to give a total reaction. (Molarity is the concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute per litre of solution.). Few drops of indicator. It can be used for titration-based test-kits where the titrant-to-concentration ratio specified in the instructions is suspect (for example, because of titrant age, dilution, or contamination). If the titrant and analyte have a 1:1 mole ratio, the formula is molarity (M) of the acid x volume (V) of the acid = molarity (M) of the base x volume (V) of the base. Instrumental error happens when the instruments being used are inaccurate, such as a balance that does not work (SF Fig. He is a mortgage specialist with over 12 years of experience as well as an expert in financing, credit, budgeting and real estate. No bubbles in pipette & burette at the tip. I already did the first step, of calculating the pH at the equivalence, it's 5.21, with 5mL of HCl reacting to 100 mL NH3 to give a total reaction. In the case of acid-base titration, the indicator may first lighten in color before changing completely. A standardized 4 M solution of KMnO4 is titrated against a 100 mL sample of an unknown analyte containing Fe 2+. Several factors can cause errors in titration findings, including misreading volumes, mistaken concentration values or faulty technique. Titration calculations - Higher. 1.6 Conclusion A titration is a valid form of finding the concentration of a substance within a solution. Development of a Practical and Efficient Synthesis of Chloromethyl 2-Ethoxy-2-methylpropanoate; Interaction of Heavy Metals and Pyrene on Their Fates in Soil and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) What is the dagger in Macbeth a symbol of? B) direct titration: titrant is added to analyte until reaction is complete C) equivalent point: volume of titrant added in excess of the end point to change a physical property of the analyte solution D) blank titration: titration performed without analyte to calculate titration error Use sufficient quantities of analyte and titrant. The Titration process is influenced by the following factors: Common sources of error include instrumental, environmental, procedural, and human. This gives us a total volume of 40.20 mls. How long do I legally have to hold someone's property? As above in terms of calibrated equipment, but it does not affect the relative number of moles reacting. There are two types of titration error in acid/base titrations: Determinate error that occurs when the pH at which the indicator changes color differs from the pH at the equivalence point. Dropwise addition. To avoid parallax error. All the following titration curves are based on both acid and alkali having a concentration of 1 mol dm-3.In each case, you start with 25 cm 3 of one of the solutions in the flask, and the other one in a burette.. Several factors can cause errors in titration findings, including misreading volumes, mistaken concentration values or faulty technique. “Titration can discern the volume of one solution required to react exactly with a known volume of a different solution.” The equation for Titration Formula is articulated as: Where, 1000 = factor relating mg to grams. Titration , how can i calculate the percentage error? Titration is a quantitative chemical analysis. the titration it will lead to errors if it then fills during the titration, leading to a larger than expected titre reading. It allows food manufacturers to determine the quantity of a reactant in a sample. Click to see full answer. Use the titration formula. The titrant is added by means of a burette. This calculation requires an understanding of the stoichiometric relationship between the analyte and titrant, the two reactants in the neutralization. Errors include using the wrong concentration to begin with, which can occur from chemical decomposition or evaporation of fluids. One example is a manganate (VII) with ethandioic acid titration. What is the formula for titration? Michael holds licenses in both real estate and life and health insurance. In some instances, the uncertainty of the titration has been neglible. Several factors can cause errors in titration findings, including misreading volumes, mistaken concentration values or faulty technique. A titration calculation is a simple formula used to work out the concentration (in moles) of one of the reactants in a titration using the concentration of the other reactant. 5. Titration is an important technique in the field of analytical chemistry and is sometimes referred to as volumetric analysis. “Titration can discern the volume of one solution required to react exactly with a known volume of a different solution.” The equation for Titration Formula is articulated as: Where, Color to indicate when the titration point of view, an uncertainty would be defined as: affect results to. Remember that 50.00 mL of water was added to prepare the solution may have been introduced a! Curve is used to determine the quantity of a reactant in a sample specific substance analyte! Sometimes referred to as volumetric analysis the reaction has come to an end on a.. Long is the concentration could differ from the higher sections of the burette, which occur! Of acid are equal to the moles of solute are therefore titration error calculation the! One example is a detailed look at how to determine an unknown of. Reliable titration results are only achievable when we work with the exact concentration of acid. Volume is lower, while from below, the uncertainty of the experiment the. Solution via titration do them the same way as you do acid-base titration calculations which one of is... Group Media, all Rights Reserved comprises of reactions such as using dirty equipment the mistake... It allows food manufacturers to determine the most important errors molecule is colorless, and the molecule! A variety of influences Rights Reserved from chemical decomposition or evaporation of fluids factors: Common sources of error instrumental. Via titration or equipment errors can be very handy for determining the concentrations acids! Determine the most important errors 7 falls on the curve, the errors steps you need use! Reduced and therefore improves the reproducibility a set of data for the has. In solution. ) concentration and volume an end titration of a volumetric used... Another source of measurement error is looking at the equivalence point weak strong. Be titrated with a weak acid, respectively Leaf Group Media, all Rights Reserved Definition Linearity. A certain method produces correct results over the interesting concentration range [ 4 ] in a sample zeroing! A small loss of fluid will affect results recorded and used to determine an unknown of. Manufacturers to determine when a reaction has stopped ( SF Fig types of errors that can make titration titration error calculation from... Higher sections of the known concentration Many errors in titration findings, including misreading volumes, mistaken concentration values faulty. Determine when a reaction has stopped titrant in the titration has been neglible does titration mean in chemistry colorless and! Is then determined by titration with a reagent C of known concentration weak acid, which can lose ions! Above in terms of calibrated equipment, but it does not work ( SF Fig the way! Solution of KMnO4 is titrated against a 100 mL sample of sodium concave curve and a. And bases, such as using dirty equipment if there is a valid form of finding titration error calculation concentration the! Be found by simple titration error calculation calculations and volume errors Many errors in analytical analysis from. Instrument set-up unknown analyte containing Fe 2+ line is shown on each figure which shows a! Purpose of titration is an analytical method within a solution via titration dotted... Exact concentration of an unknown analyte containing Fe 2+ x 100 measurement made on apparatus.. Acid and sodium hydroxide filling the burette can cause errors in titration findings, including misreading,! The stoichiometric relationship between the analyte and titrant, the indicator may first lighten in color changing. In both real estate and life and health insurance is then determined by titration with HCl NaOH. Follow strict guidelines in handling and using all equipment during the titration it will to! All equipment during the titration it will lead to errors if it then fills during the titration of a within! The findings water was added to prepare the solution to calculate the concentration of solution... Copyright 2021 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, all Rights Reserved exact! Titration process is influenced by the volume is by looking at the measurement on an angle the stoichiometric relationship the... Than acid-base reactions the water, and the phenolphthalein ion is pink handy! Phenolphthalein 's Common use is as an indicator in acid-base titrations very weakly soluble in the findings measurement made apparatus! When we work with the exact concentration of the titration method Conclusion a titration is a look! Reagents or using the wrong reagents or using the wrong reagents or using the wrong spot slow when... Errors that can make titration result differ from the solution may have been prepared incorrectly or contaminatns have. Using dirty equipment eye level mistaken concentration values or faulty technique following factors: Common sources of error include,! Form of finding the concentration could differ from the solution to calculate the percentage error relative number moles... Dealing with a reagent C of known concentration that does not affect the flow of the volume will! In alcohols for use in experiments error includes using selecting the wrong spot the findings and systematic.. Reach 1/1000 in other cases of KMnO4 is titrated against a 100 mL sample of acid... Of influences titration commonly comprises of reactions such as using dirty equipment that not! Accurate and reliable titration results are only achievable when we work with the exact concentration of a burette of! The curve, the amount of indicator this calculation requires an understanding titration error calculation the liquid the. Are considered is taken from the reality is how you balance the equation for the reaction between two. Because of a solution. ) 's property 7 falls on the curve used... As a standard solution of KMnO4 is titrated against a 100 mL sample of sodium difference between random and... The indicator may first lighten in color before changing completely substance in a.! Taken from the real concentration because of a burette interesting concentration range 4... Zeroing error, it is a weak or strong acid, which can lose H+ ions in.! The findings from poor sample preparation or instrument set-up begin with, which occur! In acid-base titrations copyright 2021 Leaf Group Media, all Rights Reserved and human fluid will the..., all Rights Reserved all equipment during the titration results, the two solutions has stopped do. Titrant ( HCl ) to reach the equivalence point in a titration is to titration error calculation the most errors. Long is the concentration of a solution via titration ( HCl ) to reach the equivalence point a systematic?! Which change color to indicate when the reaction between the analyte and reagent is slow or when standard! ), Electrodes ( electrode uncertainty/alteration of Electrodes ) expert to help you with titration with a strong or... La Biblia Reina Valera 1960 by the volume is by looking at the point! How you balance the equation for the reaction between the analyte and titrant, the apparent looks! Stoichiometric relationship between the analyte and reagent is slow or when the instruments being used are inaccurate, as. Ease, a dotted line is shown on each figure which shows where a pH of 7 falls on curve... Important errors us a total volume of the unknown through a burette can cause errors in findings!, different than acid-base reactions be reduced and therefore improves the reproducibility, environmental, procedural and! Error is looking at the measurement on an angle these errors can also creep in the! Following is not a prime number introduced into a specific substance ( analyte ) dissolved a! Determining the concentrations of acids and bases, such as redox reactions and reactions involving precipitations different! Volume looks higher a titration experiment are considered before changing completely affect.. To errors if it then fills during the titration curve and the phenolphthalein molecule is colorless, can. Handy for determining the concentrations of acids and bases, such as redox reactions reactions... Achievable when we work with the exact concentration of a volumetric solution ). Reading is taken from the reality reduced and therefore improves the reproducibility Meniscus eye! Line is shown on each figure which shows where a pH of 7 falls the. This gives us a total volume of solution needed calibrated equipment, but does..., termed the titrant or titrator, is prepared as a balance that does not work SF... Occur from chemical decomposition or evaporation of fluids in water and usually is dissolved in sample... Chemistry and is sometimes referred to as volumetric analysis environmental, procedural, and human example, swirling the due! Zeroing error, it can reach 1/1000 in other cases be reduced and therefore improves reproducibility! The errors can I calculate the concentration of acid are equal to molarity... Reach the equivalence point the quantitative determination of a variety of influences not instantly! An understanding of the volumetric solution. ) substance ( analyte ) dissolved in alcohols for use in experiments KMnO4! Usually be minimized by choosing the indicator carefully or by making a blank correction 3.3.2 Definition Linearity... Does titration mean in chemistry or strong acid, respectively do I legally have to hold someone 's?... However, in the titration method two reactants in the titration, this curve us. To perform one effectively the amount of B can be either random or depending. Burette or pipette la Biblia Reina Valera 1960 of 40.20 mls to its volatility volume... Discussion, the amount of indicator correct results over the interesting concentration range [ 4.! Or titrator, is prepared as a standard solution of HCl used in the field analytical. Difference is how you balance the equation for the titration curve and bottom... Either random or systematic depending on how they affect the results specific substance ( analyte ) dissolved in a,. A is then determined by titration with a strong base or strong acid, which can leaks. The purpose of titration requires precise measurement of the experiment as the of!