WBDG is a gateway to up-to-date information on integrated 'whole building' design techniques and technologies. HVAC is the dominant system (see also WBDG. T he National Institutes of Health (NIH) Design Requirements Manual (DRM) establishes policy, design requirements, standards and technical criteria for use in planning, programming, and designing NIH owned, leased, operated, and funded buildings and facilities. “Trying to keep cognizant on maintaining pressurization in rooms and not have odors leak out,” he says, is a common concern. With hot air, you don’t need steam. If you plan well, you can get an excellent facility. Cage wash is divided between a clean, that is an incoming or supply side, and a dirty, that is an outgoing or return side. … The facilities are complex, and expensive to build and to operate, but they are vital to the support of a proper, safe, and humane research effort. “Your animal care staff are an integral element to the success of your research program—if you have a lot of high turnover or people who are disgruntled or unhappy, it impacts the science,” says Meyer. Meyer, who has been with Jacobs for over 30 years and has led the firm in many research projects and animal facilities for academic, institutional, and corporate clients, shares some of the trends he’s seen in his recent work. There are numerous system choices. Numerous organizations have clearly articulated the importance and the value of animal research. a) What is a vivarium? A "dirty" function that should not be proximate to "clean" areas. Whether vivariums are embedded within a lab building, are in a separate structure connected to a lab building, or are independent free-standing structures, they share the same basic attributes. VIVARIUM. 2. Internal circulation systems need some form of control over clean vs. dirty (or supply vs. return) traffic. The Animal receiving areas should be subdivided to distinguished between incoming animals and receiving, and outgoing waste. Designing the AHR space as a flexibly-rearranged entity which can be readily changed between animal holding and procedural functions with a minimum of refit as study paradigms change. Certain areas may need to be isolated and segregated in order to maintain safety and research integrity. © 2021 National Institute of Building Sciences. Animal research and animal research facilities are critical to the biomedical research enterprise. See more ideas about aquarium design, aquarium, aquascape. Typically, illumination should be dual level with a high level of 100 to 140 fc (measured at 36" AFF with all lights on) and a low level of 50 to 70 fc (measured at 36" AFF with one half of lights on). Clients are pushing project design teams to create laboratories that are responsive to current and future needs; that encourage interaction among scientists from various disciplines; that help recruit and retain qualified scientists; and that facilitates partnerships and development. All are intended to support veterinary and research staff during their in-unit tours of duty. “The thought of collecting all this waste manually, dumping it into a dumpster manually…it has to be a pretty small facility.” He also says that more of his clients are requesting a higher percentage of procedure space within their vivariums, because “the last thing you want to do is have animals leave the vivarium.” He shares that there should be at least one six-foot biosafety cabinet for every 300 to 400 cages. Animal species are used in every stage of the research and development effort-from discovery, to development and safety testing, to clinical trials, and to manufacture-because their biological systems, genetic structures, and immunological responses, in various ways, closely mirror ours as a species.Numerous organizations have clearly articulated the importance and the value of ani… It is desired to upgrade the facility to meet current standards including but not limited to cage washing, ventilated cage racks and dedicated cage changing stations. Small animal vivarium standards include: a. Locker room hours in vivariums must be staggered, and entry and exit points are also a major concern in regards to social distancing. Zebra fish are extensively used in neuroscience studies. This document, the CCAC guidelines on: laboratory animal facilities — characteristics, design and development, has been developed by Drs David Neil and Donald McKay with the collaboration of the CCAC Facilities Standards … May 30, 2020 - Explore Jon Orling's board "Aquarium design", followed by 298 people on Pinterest. The Three Primary Standards Reference Resources Regulations & Resources For Investigators Other Links Resource Library. Sophisticated control and monitoring systems and equipment are employed to achieve closely controlled and regulated air pressurizations and flows. Concrete masonry units are preferred substrate because of their strength and stability. There are many combinations of wall coatings, most of which employ block filler on CMUs for a smooth surface, trowelled on or sprayed on cement or epoxy based undercoatings, and are top coats with epoxy based products. Check with vivarium equipment suppliers to find the best moisture control system … “If you're going to use large animals then all of a sudden the USDA [United States Department of Agriculture] guidelines come into effect,” adds Meyer. New caging and housing types, such as high density ventilated racks (HDVRs), have altered room design and are promoting the increased usage of computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) to model room environments and HVAC characteristics. These operate under positive pressure to keep contaminants out. We brought in consultants that looked at noise and vibration to mitigate those. The clear height above the ceiling should be 5'–0" to the underside of the structure to accommodate infrastructure support system distribution. Doors should be tall enough to accommodate the free movement of racks with integrated blowers. There are requirements about whether animals must be housed in a pen or a cage, the size of the facility and the cages, how to control odor throughout the building, what kinds of HEPA filters may be required, and countless other aspects related to vivarium design. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Forest Glen, MD—A technically advanced, highly flexible facility which houses multiple organizations from the Army & Navy's major domestic biomedical research activities.Photo Credit: HLW International LLP. Promote maintainability and cleanliness. THE OPPORTUNITY. This document does not relinquish the owner or contractor from adhering to any and all applicable codes and standards … Staff Support Areas—Break area, cafeterias, workstation, lockers, and rest-room facilities. Corridors should have a clear width of 7'–0" to 8'–0". Protective components such as bumper and corner guards are frequently employed to protect walls and doors from heavy, abusive traffic. Figure 1: Animal Housing Room for Rodents in Ventilated Racks View enlarged plan, Figure 2: Animal Housing Room for Non-human Primates View enlarged plan, Figure 3: Animal Housing Room for Dogs View enlarged plan. Walls should have an impervious, easily cleanable finish, either block filler with latex paint, high-build coatings, or solid panels. See also WBDG. Design … They operate under negative pressure to prevent the escape of air to the general environment. White, V.M.D., M.S., DACLAM, Dip. Ceilings—Should consist of moisture-resistant gypsum board, latex paint or high-build coating, and sealant at intersections with walls and openings to ensure air and water tightness. Quarantine—Isolated AHRs for suspect and incoming animals that could be a source of infection. This has been increasing the use of higher density housing types of caging in order to run more studies in shorter time periods, thus to generate a higher level of throughput. For major equipment, load capacity is calculated system by system. Interior Walls and Partitions—Should be stable and capable of withstanding abuse and wash-down. Vivarium Design And Management For The Laboratory Animal Veterinarian. Dedicated Receiving Dock—A dock specific to animal functions is generally required. Air changes per hour, a key benchmark of system capability, can vary from a minimum of 10 to greater than 20, which equates to 1.5 cfm/sf to more than 3 cfm/sf.  The vivarium design should anticipate and accommodate development, growth, or change in use without compromising the well-being of animals or safety of employees  Building … In terms of lab management and leadership, keeping the staff healthy and happy is of utmost concern. All rights reserved. age of the facility, it does not meet current standards for Vivarium design, controllability of systems, redundancy and other aspects of daily operations. The most critical issues are reliable power and redundancy and back-up for critical systems and equipment via standby generators, weather-protected outlets in wet locations, and the increasing use of computers in procedure and holding rooms. Design Standards for Small Animals (Rodents) Vivarium b. MD Anderson Noise Vibration and Ultrasound Design … Epoxy terrazzo or resinous floor coatings are preferred. CSEDO22-Vivarium 2'×4' Overlapping Doorframe- All Red or Red & White LED CSEDO24-Vivarium 1'×4' Overlapping Doorframe- All Red or Red & White LED CSESO14-Vivarium 2'×2' Overlapping … There are requirements about whether animals must be housed in a pen or a cage, the size of the facility and the cages, how to control odor throughout the building, what kinds of HEPA filters may be required… “I believe almost every single client of mine will eventually need a gnotobiotic facility,” he adds. Due to the stringent environmental and construction requirements, designers and builders have their hands full ensuring the facility meets the numerous standards … 1090 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 700 | Washington, DC 20005-4950 | (202) 289-7800 Animal species are used in every stage of the research and development effort-from discovery, to development and safety testing, to clinical trials, and to manufacture-because their biological systems, genetic structures, and immunological responses, in various ways, closely mirror ours as a species. Reliance on the institutional knowledge of veterinary staff at all levels during the design process is increasing. Wastes and effluents are separately contained and decontaminated. Labor saving technologies such as robotics and to a lesser extent, overhead gantry- or floor rail-based-systems, are being more extensively applied in cagewash facilities. Vivarium design is a rather niche area of lab planning and life sciences, and those involved with the design and building of these facilities must be sure to adhere to proper standards. Vivariums present many unique challenges to design and construction professionals. See also WBDG Productive—Assure Reliable Systems and Spaces. Cagewash—The hub for all cleaning, sanitizing, and husbandry activities. Design steam room to be at least 8 feet by 8 feet. Disclaimer, Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS), Unaccompanied Personnel Housing (Barracks), Association for Accreditation and Assessment of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC), New Jersey Association for Biomedical Research, Pennsylvania Society for Biomedical Research, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Productive—Assure Reliable Systems and Spaces, ARS Facilities Design Standards Manual ARS 242.1M, Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th Edition, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Aesthetics—Engage the Integrated Design Process, Functional / Operational—Account for Functional Needs, Functional / Operational—Meet Performance Objectives, Productive—Provide Comfortable Environments, Secure / Safe—Security for Building Occupants and Assets, American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS), Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC), Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR), Scientific Equipment and Furniture Association (SEFA), The continuous maintenance of environments in these facilities must be without failure, downtime, or disruption. In the New York City metropolitan area, new animal research facility construction in 2005 costs $425 — $475/sf, renovations cost $325 — $375/sf. Drawing upon decades of vivarium design, engineering analysis, budget management, installation and service experience, the Vivarium Design Services department (VDS) provides Allentown customers with invaluable insights necessary to make educated facility design … Animal research and animal research facilities are critical to the biomedical research enterprise. Ensure lighting is at least 30 foot-candles. Install computer hook-aps at staff work stations. Since HVAC is the life-sustaining system, consideration should be given to methods of providing redundancy and backup to maintain continual operation. Meyer notes that animal facilities have “never really been very dense, but most of my clients have been moving toward no more than one or two people in it at any given time.” Personal protective equipment (PPE) is obviously a concern as well—“For animal operations, surgical procedures, and other invasive procedures, you do need multiple people in the room so they need to wear full PPE. The general organization of a vivarium is illustrated in Figure 4. These areas are dominated by equipment-generated heat and moisture. VDS Vivarium Design Services. The industry standard vivarium substrate was first coined by Atlanta Botanical Gardens, as the "ABG" substrate. Most vivarium-suited species require humidity levels of at least 60%, and often over 75%. Steel studs and moisture-resistant gypsum board can be used if necessary but should be coupled with protection, e.g., rails, bumpers, corner guards. These facilities are fundamentally about the care and maintenance of the experimental animals. Hot air versus steam sterilizers, says Meyer, is an option that has “been around for a while, but more and more clients are inquiring about it.” Medium and high pressure steam systems require a fireman (boiler plant operator) 24/7, he adds, “so a lot of our clients want to go to low pressure steam systems because they don’t have to have that 24-hour fireman. “I’m somewhat old-fashioned and miss drawing and making corrections on [paper].”, Operational and design features for the vivariums themselves have also been affected. The streamlining of waste treatment and disposal in an environmentally-sensitive manner, both from the cagewashing operation and Necropsy/Perfusion spaces, are being addressed with new technologies. Vivariums present many unique challenges to design and construction professionals. 2. What they should have in common is solidity, that is the absence of voids in the top and bottom rails of the door, the jambs and the strike; an easily cleanable and maintainable surface like epoxy painted steel, stainless steel, or fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP); and surface that won't dent or dink. Watering system vendors maintain reliable empirical databases on watering needs by species. Corridors? This can be a cost-effective move, he says, because “the mechanical penthouse is right there, and you’re not bringing exhaust throughout the whole building—especially if there are flooding concerns.”, Tags:  lab designlaboratory renovationsLife ScienceProduct Resource: Resourcesresearch animals, To be credible in the scientific community and to deliver technical value to customers, laboratory managers must deliver reproducible results, Related Article: Allergies in the Workplace, Ensuring Reproducible Data in the Laboratory. Organize circulation to permit controlled flows of people, animals, material, supplies, and wastes. ABG substrate consists of 2 parts tree fern fiber, 1 part peat, 1 part charcoal, 1 … Other critical electrical systems include: lighting cycle control, security, and monitoring of water usage. But some of the renovations we’ve done have worked out very, very well. Human factor points are allocated to spaces and design features that have a demonstrated positive impact on student enrollment, result in high levels of user satisfaction, and … As in containment facilities, control and monitoring systems and equipment are utilized in barrier facilities to maintain the required pressures and flows. The full design includes integrated custom lighting system, integrated misting system, integrated air cycling system, removable front panel, side feeding door, custom stand and hood, … Providing for such natural behaviors as exercise, opportunities for group interactions, and nesting and foraging are warranting new ideas to replace more stressful traditional housing paradigms. Lab Ventilation ACH Rates Standards and Guidelines January 3, 2012 White Paper Series Page 2 1.0 Introduction This document provides an overview of current US and European design practices, standards… The major equipment items include pass-through rackwashers, tunnelwashers, pass-through autoclaves, bedding dispensers and dump stations, and bottle washing and filling stations. These provide the primary barrier and access control that separates the controlled animal care environment from external influences. This approach also provides for maintenance and device access zones for non-vivarium operational staff to service the vivarium MEP systems without crossing the animal environment barrier. But with the tools out there, we’ve been very successful continuing projects.” Getting used to software and other virtual programs has also been somewhat of a challenge, he says. The goal is to design a vivarium that both excludes and contains infectious microorganisms, which must be taken into account when considering all room finishing details. Automation has gotten a lot more reliable and commonplace, according to Meyer, along with vacuum and chain-and-puck bedding systems. MEP systems represent 45% — 50% of the total construction cost. The ability of the operator to maintain and adapt environmental control within spaces and between circulation paths and to avoid contaminants or infection. “And now you have this whole set of construction workers—if it’s a barrier rodent facility, how do you maintain it as a barrier or a biocontainment [facility], especially with all these construction workers on the site?”, The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of lab design/build, and the vivarium sector is no exception. Because of their unique and sensitive nature, they can be costly to build and operate. A "zoning" approach to facility layout that allows access to daylight via windows or other means at office and non-sensitive support spaces without having the staff leave the animal environment. A common issue with laboratories that need to be updated or expanded is whether it makes more sense to build a completely new facility or renovate an existing facility. Overall floor-to-floor height should be approximately 16'–0". Three of them are: The animal research facility, also known as the vivarium, is a specially designed building type, which accommodates exquisitely controlled environments for the care and maintenance of experimental animals. LOCATION: NEW JERSEY. may be an overlap of requirements between the following standards and the Design Guideline Elements. Architecture and building systems must ensure that outside contaminants or pathogens cannot be introduced into the facility, and that infectious outbreaks will not occur. Continuous hinges are preferred. Through the capabilities of their particular architecture and building systems, they maintain tight environmental control over the facility to avoid the introduction of contaminants or pathogens, and prevent the possibility of infectious outbreaks, and avoid the transmission of odors. Floor and Framing System—Should be stable, monolithic, (preferably concrete), and capable of a 125 psf live load to dampen vibration. Nationwide costs are generally 85% — 95% of the NY metro costs, depending on local market conditions. He believes there needs to be at least one steam sterilizer, he adds. Gnotobiotics—a condition in which all the forms of life present within an organism can be accounted for—is a field that’s getting bigger and bigger, says Meyer. William J. Roberts suggests following the NIH Design Requirements Manual when answering the questions, while noting any client exceptions for issues such as sound levels and transmission, cage change intervals, sterility requirements, and animal room … They’re also very reliable because it’s not a pressure vessel, and it doesn’t weigh nearly the amount as a steam sterilizer,” he says. Animal research facilities are related to but distinct from research laboratories. Meyer, who often travels to Asia for his work, cites software programs such as Bluebeam which have been helpful as more and more design firms have turned to remote working. However, he adds that he misses the interaction with clients and colleagues: “The technology is really just getting to know somebody—there’s a big difference between working with somebody virtually and working face-to-face. Floor-to-Floor Height—The clear height from floor to ceiling should be 8'–6" to 9'–0". Design and construction standards are provided for the physical security of new buildings, additions, and major alterations. So you need a really, really good plan if you’re going to renovate and you're not going to take the animals out and put them in another facility. 3. Corridors should have impervious finishes so that they are easy to clean and maintain. Research Facilities, Research Laboratory, Academic Laboratory, Government Laboratory, Private Sector Laboratory, Clinic/Health Unit, Food Service, General Storage, Laboratory: Dry, Laboratory: Wet, Loading Dock, Mail Center, Office, Aesthetics—Engage the Integrated Design Process, Cost-Effective, Functional / Operational—Account for Functional Needs, Functional / Operational—Meet Performance Objectives, Productive—Assure Reliable Systems and Spaces, Productive—Promote Health and Well-Being, Productive—Provide Comfortable Environments, Secure / Safe—Occupant Safety and Health, Secure / Safe—Security for Building Occupants and Assets, Sustainable. Providing design to support an animal facility renovation to comply with new corporate global standards. Vivarium Design Helen Kelly and Vera Baumans The vivarium of the future will be designed with an eye toward environments that serve its occupants rather than the other way around. A manual one-hour … Initiatives to promote psychological well-being of animals are affecting all species. Safety and security, of course, are also a concern for vivariums, as is the necessity for backup systems in case of power failure. Doors need to be properly protected, particularly latches, locks, and other hardware. 4) Common design concerns — 16 essential considerations 5) How to design a lighting control system a) … tie everything together. Electrical systems are ubiquitous. Most animal facilities have a certain level of redundancy, so if an air handling unit goes down or an exhaust unit goes down, there’s another one.”, “Doing an animal renovation is one of the more difficult renovations to do—you really have to know what you’re doing,” emphasizes Meyer. See more ideas about vivarium, frog habitat, habitats. Specialized procedural areas included in the building design include two rodent behavioral suites, a small animal imaging suite and a small animal irradiator. National Institute of Building Sciences It’s also good to know that some of the older vivariums use interstitial space and that also makes it easier.”, Maintaining pressurization, says Meyer, is one of the biggest challenges that comes with designing or renovating a vivarium lab. Overall system design is largely governed by the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications, Chapters 16 and 24. Lighting, Power, Data, and Fire Alarm. AHRs can be organized as individual rooms accessed from a corridor system or multiple rooms could be organized into self-contained suites. A desirable goal is to locate the spaces and devices in a manner that allows the separation of maintenance functions from animal care functions. from a central location. surgery, clinical chemistry, and histology. Doors—Should be a minimum of 42" wide and 84" high or more. “I’m a big proponent of making sure there's a natural light view in the break area. They are a lot more cognizant of how many people are working, trying to direct traffic…it’s easier in an animal facility, especially if it’s a dual corridor with soiled and clean corridors. These types of rodents require a lot of space, and Meyer is seeing more and more of these facilities come online as he works with his clients. Plumbing systems are pervasive, but are varied, discrete, and independent. Even if the animal facility is underground. Veterinary Office Space—Some provision for in-unit office spaces for veterinary care staff. See Figures 1, 2, and 3 for examples. Barrier Facilities—Facilities for working with immuno-compromised species. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information available on our website is accessible to all. Animal research facilities or biological resource centers—also known as vivariums—are complex spaces designed for the care and maintenance of experimental animals. See also WBDG High-Performance HVAC. Published in 2003 Does acknowledge ventilated cage racks as an acceptable form of housing rodents. The most important elements are animal watering and major water users such as cage and rack washers. by Stanley Stark, F.A.I.A., James Petitto, R.A., Steven Darr, P.E.HLW International LLP. Necropsy/Perfusion—Critical support function used for post mortem procedures on sacrificed animals. The impact on facilities has been to alter room design and room airflow characteristics to accommodate the new high density ventilated racks. Research using animals is sensitive, and the design of these facilities requires a heightened awareness to the issues of security control to maintain confidentiality and to prevent unauthorized intrusions. The other key principle is that door assemblies should be constructed to prohibit the growth of vermin or bacteria. Example Building Automation System (BAS) that controls airflow and space temperature, and monitors system performance, etc. The AE should refer to the Design Guideline Elements for the most current requirements. Presumed or inherent, dirty functions such as necropsy and quarantine should be located near the dock. It was successful…but it took a very long time and it was expensive,” he adds. See also WBDG Sustainable O&M Practices. According to Meyer, renovations can indeed be done to vivariums, but there are a lot of factors involved in getting it right. , caging type and caging density are the primary barrier and access control that separates the controlled care. Vivarium design professionals about the future of vivarium design professionals about the care and use of … specializes., discrete, and other hardware for veterinary care staff watering system vendors maintain empirical. 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